Based on the search result provided, the concept of "cartouches" refers to the oval-shaped symbols containing the names of Egyptian pharaohs, written in hieroglyphs. These cartouches started appearing around the end of the 3rd dynasty and became more common in the 4th dynasty. A typical cartouche would include two names:

1. The penultimate name: Beginning with the honorary title "King of Upper and Lower Egypt," followed by the pharaoh's chosen name, e.g., "The King of Upper and Lower Egypt Ramses II."
2. The last name: Starting with the honorific title "son of Ra" or "son of Re" (according to the era), along with the pharaoh's chosen name, such as "The son of Ra Ramses II."

Additionally, due to multiple pharaohs sharing similar names, cartouches sometimes included a numbering system to indicate how many times a specific name had been utilized within a family. Hieroglyphic numerals represented this count at the end of the cartouche. An interesting point mentioned is that the term 'cartouche' itself does not originate from ancient Egyptian language; instead, it comes from French soldiers serving in Napoleon Bonaparte's Campaign of Egypt. They likened the shape of these symbols to the powder cartridges ('cartouches de poudre') of their firearms.